Transtorno do espectro autista e envelhecimento: uma revisão narrativa
DOI:
10.24281/rremecs2023.8.14.3-11Palavras-chave:
Transtorno do Espectro Autista, Idosos, Envelhecimento, ComorbidadesResumo
O Transtorno do Espectro Autista é um distúrbio do neurodesenvolvimento, heterogêneo e de caráter crônico. Com a melhora progressiva da assistência à saúde associada aos esforços crescentes para o diagnóstico precoce, permitindo um melhor prognóstico a longo prazo, levará, certamente, ao aumento no número de idosos com TEA. Com isso, os sistemas de saúde assim como as redes de suporte ocupacional e social precisarão se adaptar a fim de comportar a demanda futura. Nada disso parece ser possível atualmente, uma vez que menos de 2% das pesquisas acerca do TEA são dirigidas a população adulta e idosa. Esse artigo de revisão tem como objetivo reunir os dados disponíveis a respeito da epidemiologia, dificuldades diagnósticas, instrumentos de triagem diagnóstica, condições clínicas, comorbidades neuropsiquiátricas e expectativa de vida em adultos e idosos com TEA. Esperamos, com isso, chamar a atenção para o problema e para a lacuna existente acerta do tema.
Descritores: Transtorno do Espectro Autista, Idosos, Envelhecimento, Comorbidades.
Autistic spectrum disorder and aging: a narrative review
Abstract: Autistic Spectrum Disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder, heterogeneous and chronic in nature. With the progressive improvement of health care associated with increasing efforts for early diagnosis, allowing a better long-term prognosis, it will certainly lead to an increase in the number of elderly people with ASD. As a result, health systems, as well as occupational and social support networks, will need to adapt in order to cope with future demand. None of this seems to be possible currently, since less than 2% of research on ASD is directed at the adult and elderly population. This review article aims to gather available data regarding epidemiology, diagnostic difficulties, diagnostic screening tools, clinical conditions, neuropsychiatric comorbidities and life expectancy in adults and elderly people with ASD. We hope, with this, to draw attention to the problem and to the existing gap in the subject.
Descriptors: Autistic Spectrum Disorder, Elderly, Aging, Comorbidities.
Trastorno del espectro autista y envejecimiento: una revisión narrativa
Resumen: El Trastorno del Espectro Autista es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo, de naturaleza heterogénea y crónica. Con la mejora progresiva de la atención de la salud asociada con el aumento de los esfuerzos hacia el diagnóstico precoz, lo que permite un mejor pronóstico a largo plazo, sin duda conducirá a un aumento en el número de personas mayores con TEA. Como resultado, los sistemas de salud, así como las redes de apoyo laboral y social, deberán adaptarse para hacer frente a la demanda futura. Nada de esto parece posible en la actualidad, ya que menos del 2% de la investigación sobre los TEA se dirige a la población adulta y anciana. Este artículo de revisión tiene como objetivo recopilar los datos disponibles sobre epidemiología, dificultades diagnósticas, herramientas de tamizaje diagnóstico, condiciones clínicas, comorbilidades neuropsiquiátricas y esperanza de vida en adultos y ancianos con TEA. Esperamos, con esto, llamar la atención sobre el problema y el vacío existente en el tema.
Descriptores: Trastorno del Espectro Autista, Adulto Mayor, Envejecimiento, Comorbilidades
Referências
Lord C, Elsabbagh M, Baird G, Veenstra-Vanderweele J. Autism spectrum disorder. Lancet. 2018; 392(10146):508-20.
Baxter AJ, Brugha TS, Erskine HE, Scheurer RW, Vos T, Scott JG. The epidemiology and global burden of autism spectrum disorders. Psychol Med. 2015; 45(3):601-13.
Maenner MJ, Shaw KA, Bakian AV, Bilder DA, Durkin MS, Esler A, et al. Prevalence and Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years - Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2018. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2021; 70(11):1-16.
Kanner L. Autistic disturbances of affective contact. Nerv Child. 1943; 2:217-50.
Constantino J, Marrus N. The Early Origins of Autism. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 2017; 26:555-70.
Gyawali S, Patra BN. Autism spectrum disorder: Trends in research exploring etiopathogenesis. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2019; 73(8):466-75.
Chamak B, Bonniau B. Trajectories, Long-Term Outcomes and Family Experiences of 76 Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord. 2016; 46(3):1084-95.
Billstedt E, Gillberg IC, Gillberg C. Aspects of quality of life in adults diagnosed with autism in childhood: a population-based study. Autism. 2011; 15(1):7-20.
Billstedt E, Gillberg IC, Gillberg C. Autism after adolescence: population-based 13- to 22-year follow-up study of 120 individuals with autism diagnosed in childhood. J Autism Dev Disord. 2005; 35(3):351-60.
Barber C. Old age and people on the autism spectrum: a focus group perspective. Br J Nurs. 2015; 24(21):1054-7.
Mandell DS, Lawer LJ, Branch K, Brodkin ES, Healey K, Witalec R, et al. Prevalence and correlates of autism in a state psychiatric hospital. Autism. 2012; 16(6):557-67.
Bhaumik S, Tyrer FC, McGrother C, Ganghadaran SK. Psychiatric service use and psychiatric disorders in adults with intellectual disability. J Intellect Disabil Res. 2008; 52(11):986-95.
Cooper SA, Smiley E, Morrison J, Williamson A, Allan L. Mental ill-health in adults with intellectual disabilities: prevalence and associated factors. Br J Psychiatry. 2007; 190:27-35.
Brugha TS, McManus S, Bankart J, Scott F, Purdon S, Smith J, et al. Epidemiology of autism spectrum disorders in adults in the community in England. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011; 68(5):459-65.
Lin J, Marquetto BdA, Siqueira L, Beluco TC, Pessoa VB, Costa MdAd, et al. Autistic traits in southern Brazilian college students: tracking road autism phenotype in the academia / Traços autisticos em estudantes do colégio do sul do Brasil: rastreamento do fenótipo do autismo amplo na academia. Brazilian Journal of Development. 2022; 8(3):19272-88.
Lai MC, Baron-Cohen S. Identifying the lost generation of adults with autism spectrum conditions. Lancet Psychiatry. 2015; 2(11):1013-27.
Wise EA, Smith MD, Rabins PV. Correlates of daily functioning in older adults with autism spectrum disorder. Aging Ment Health. 2020; 24(10):1754-62.
Wise EA. Aging in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2020; 28(3):339-49.
Rowe JW, Kahn RL. Successful aging. Gerontologist. 1997; 37(4):433-40.
Lozano E. Envejecimiento y discapacidad: una aproximación al caso español desde la perspectiva del bienestar social. Portularia: Revista de Trabajo Social. 2004; 6(1):67-78.
Durkin MS, Maenner MJ, Meaney FJ, Levy SE, DiGuiseppi C, Nicholas JS, et al. Socioeconomic inequality in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder: evidence from a U.S. cross-sectional study. PLoS One. 2010; 5(7):e11551.
Piven J, Rabins P, Autism-in-Older Adults Working G. Autism spectrum disorders in older adults: toward defining a research agenda. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011; 59(11):2151-5.
ONU. Organización de Naciones Unidas. Convención Internacional de los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad 2006.
Howlin P, Goode S, Hutton J, Rutter M. Adult outcome for children with autism. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2004; 45(2):212-29.
Sato FP, Paula CS, Lowenthal R, Nakano EY, Brunoni D, Schwartzman JS, et al. Instrument to screen cases of pervasive developmental disorder: a preliminary indication of validity. Braz J Psychiatry. 2009; 31(1):30-3.
Baron-Cohen S, Wheelwright S, Skinner R, Martin J, Clubley E. The autism-spectrum quotient (AQ): evidence from Asperger syndrome/high-functioning autism, males and females, scientists and mathematicians. J Autism Dev Disord. 2001; 31(1):5-17.
Amanullah S, Rajeh A. An Overview of Autism in the Elderly. Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 2019; 48:101897.
Mukaetova-Ladinska EB, Perry E, Baron M, Povey C, Autism Ageing Writing G. Ageing in people with autistic spectrum disorder. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2012; 27(2):109-18.
Ganz ML. The lifetime distribution of the incremental societal costs of autism. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007; 161(4):343-9.
Croen LA, Zerbo O, Qian Y, Massolo ML, Rich S, Sidney S, et al. The health status of adults on the autism spectrum. Autism. 2015; 19(7):814-23.
Pellicano E. The development of executive function in autism. Autism Res Treat. 2012; 2012:146132.
Stewart G, Charlton R, Wallace G. Aging with elevated autistic traits: Cognitive functioning among older adults with the broad autism phenotype. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders. 2018; 54:27-36.
Hollocks MJ, Lerh JW, Magiati I, Meiser-Stedman R, Brugha TS. Anxiety and depression in adults with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med. 2019; 49(4):559-72.
Cassidy S, Bradley P, Robinson J, Allison C, McHugh M, Baron-Cohen S. Suicidal ideation and suicide plans or attempts in adults with Asperger's syndrome attending a specialist diagnostic clinic: a clinical cohort study. Lancet Psychiatry. 2014; 1(2):142-7.
Joshi G, Wozniak J, Petty C, Martelon MK, Fried R, Bolfek A, et al. Psychiatric comorbidity and functioning in a clinically referred population of adults with autism spectrum disorders: a comparative study. J Autism Dev Disord. 2013; 43(6):1314-25.
Wise EA, Smith MD, Rabins PV. Aging and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Naturalistic, Longitudinal Study of the Comorbidities and Behavioral and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Adults with ASD. J Autism Dev Disord. 2017; 47(6):1708-15.
Guan J, Li G. Injury Mortality in Individuals With Autism. Am J Public Health. 2017; 107(5):791-3.
Hirvikoski T, Mittendorfer-Rutz E, Boman M, Larsson H, Lichtenstein P, Bolte S. Premature mortality in autism spectrum disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 2016; 208(3):232-8.
Publicado
- Visualizações 0
- pdf downloads: 0